Expression of Voltage-dependent Na+ Channels in the Albino Guinea Pig Cochlea / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The endolymph produced from cochlear lateral wall regulates fluid and maintains positive endocochlear potential. Although many immunohistochemical studies of ion transport enzymes in the cochlear lateral wall have been reported, their mechanisms are still not completely understood. And there are no reports on the studies of anti-Na+ channels in the cochlea of the guinea pig. The voltage-dependent ion channels are fundamental components of neuronal activity. The Na+ channel has a single alpha subunit with 4 pseudosubunits of 6 transmembrane segments each. Expression of the pore-forming and voltage-sensing alpha or alpha1 subunit typically leads to the appearance of channels with voltage- and time-dependent gating and ion conductance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of the Na+ channel type I and II in the cochlea lateral wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the protein identification by western blot after homogenization and immunohistochemical localization by FITC to the anti-Na+ channel type I and II in the cochlea of the Preyer's positive, white guinea pigs. RESULTS: The results showed that the anti-Na+ channel type I and II were expressed strongly in the intermediate cells of the stria vascularis, and weakly in the stria vascularis. CONCLUSION: We suggest that there are voltage-dependent Na+ channels in the stria vascularis of cochlea and those functions are further evaulated physiologically by the patch clamp technique.

Effect of iontophoresis anesthesia of the tympanic membrane on middle ear pressure / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The presence of encapsulated nerve corpuscles that is involved in regulating middle ear pressure has been noticed in previous studies. Based on those findings, how the sensory receptors in the tympanic membrane and tubal function are related was tested in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tubal function was tested by 9 step test using Grason-Stadler institute(GSI) Middle ear analyzer II Eustachian tube function(ETF) test mode. Tubal function was recorded as compliance of the tympanic membrane on an otoadmittance meter. To anesthetize the sensory receptors in the tympanic membrane, iontophoresis was applied to the twenty right ears of the twenty subjects. RESULTS: Peak pressure difference in the middle ear was reduced after the tympanic membrane (TM) anesthesia, which indicates that the tubal function has decreased due to pressure change in the sensory receptors in the tympanic membrane. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest that there may be a neural connection between the sensory receptors in the tympanic membrane and the tubal muscle, as the eustachian tube function changed following the TM anesthesia.

Expression of FGF-R and TGF-R in the Lateral Wall of the Guinea Pig / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The endolymph produced from cochlear lateral wall regulates fluid balance and maintains positive endocochlear potentials. Although many immunohistochemical studies on ion transport enzymes have been reported, their mechanisms are still not completely understood. And there are no reports on the distribution of receptor tyrosine kinases in the cochlear lateral wall of the guinea pig. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and transforming growth factor receptor-beta (TGFR-beta, type II) in the lateral wall of the guinea pig cochlea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the immunohistochemical localization of the receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFR, TGFR-beta) in the lateral wall of the Preyer's positive, pigmented guinea pig. RESULTS: The results showed that receptor tyrosine kinases were expressed in the cytoplasm of the marginal cells, intermediate cells in the stria vascularis, and type II, III, IV, and V fibrocytes, but not the basal cells and type I fibrocytes, in the lateral wall of the guinea pig. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in the various ion transports and that they participate in the PLC-IP(3) second messenger system.

A Study for Changes of Acoustic Parameters between Pre and Postoperative Voice in Laryngeal Nodule and Polyp / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: Laryngeal nodule and laryngeal polyp are the most common diseases that cause hoarseness and their incidences are increased currently. Since the invention of computerized voice analysis, it became possible to display voice quantitatively and visibly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the voice of 30 patients with laryngeal nodule and polyp before and after laryngomicrosurgery, the sound spectrogram of the Korean vowel /e/ were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) The valuable parameters for measuring the voice improvement were the range of fundamental frequency fluctuation, jitter and shimmer before and after surgery of laryngeal nodule and polyp. 2) On the first postoperative day, the change of the acoustic parameters of laryngeal nodule and polyp on postoperative showed statistically significant improvements. 3) The acoustic parameters of laryngeal nodule and polyp came within the normal range by the 7th postoperative day. 4) The extent of change in the acoustic parameters of laryngeal polyp was greater than in laryngeal nodule. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the valuable parameters for measuring the voice improvement were the range of fundamental frequency fluctuation, jitter and shimmer. The normalization of this parameter occurred at the first operative week.

A Study for Causative Diseases of Globus Pharyngeus Patients Who Have NoPathologic Conditions in Laryngopharynx / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Globus pharyngeus is the feeling of a lump or foreign body in the throat. Otolaryngologists are often confronted with this condition, and some authors report that it represents 3 percent of all new clinic referrals. Unfortunately, we still do not completely understand the etiologies of globus pharyngeus, but there are recently increasing evidences to link the globus symptoms with various diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We selected 32 globus patients, who exhibited no pathologic condition in physical examinations, and were analysed by general work up, barium esophagogram, 24 hour-ambulatory double-probe pH monitoring, esophageal manometry test, Fuchs' series, and MMPI. RESULTS: The results were as follows, gastroesophago-laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (n=15: 46.9%), various psychotic problems (n=11: 34.4%), esophageal motility disorders (n=7: 21.9%), duodenal ulcer (n=2: 6.3%), Eagle's syndrome (n=2: 6.3%), and hiatal hernia (n=1: 3.1%). In 5 cases, we couldn't find the etiology of globus pharyngeus. CONCLUSION: Globus pharyngeus patients, who had no pathologic findings in layrnx and pharynx, might have laryngopharyngeal-gastroesophageal reflux diseases and psychologic problems.

Expression of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in the Guinea Pig Cochlea / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Damage in the auditory sensory epithelia is irreversible and the resulting hearing loss is permanent in mammals. Nevertheless, mammals like birds can recover their auditory function anatomically and physiologically after the sensorineural hearing loss. One of the functions of a receptor tyrosine kinase is to controll the cellular metabolisms like motility, growth, differentiation, regeneration, and ion transport via various pathways. There are no reports on the distribution of receptor tyrosine kinases in the guinea pig cochlea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and transforming growth factor receptor (TGFR-beta, type II ) in the cochlear sensory epithelia of guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the immunoreactivity and functional roles of the receptor tyrosine kinases-FGFR and TGFR-beta (type II) - by using surface preparation technique in the cochlea of the Preyer's positive, pigmented guinea pig. RESULTS: The results showed that receptor tyrosine kinases were expressed in the cytoplasm of Deiter's and Hensen's cells to FGFR and TGFR-beta (type II), and the stereocillia of inner and outer hair cells to FGFR by surface preparation technique. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in the cellular growth, differentiation and regeneration in the cochlear supporting cells, and ion transport in the hair cells of the mammals. We found that receptor tyrone kinases are not related to outer hair cells participating in the PLCgamma1-IP3 second messenger system.

Otolaryngologic Analysis of High Jugular Bulb Using Temporal Bone Computed Tomography / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: If the level of dome of jugular bulb is superior to the round window niche or inferior annulus of the tympanic membrane, it is called a high jugular bulb. OBJECTIVES: Laterally directed high fossae can result in case histories of bleeding from a dehiscent jugular bulb damaged at myringotomy and hearing loss caused by protrusion of a huge bulb into the middle ear space, this effects the function of the ossicles or the round window. Medially situated high fossae may affect the inner ear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors analysed incidence of high jugular bulb and its relation to the diseases using CT scan films of 352 patients who visited Soonchunhyang University Hospital with chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma, Bell's palsy, vestibular neuronitis or Meniere's disease. RESULTS: The following results were obtained: 1) High jugular bulb was seen in 84 cases(23.9%) out of total 352 cases. 2) Of 247 cases of otitis media, 56 cases(22.7%) had high jugular bulbs. 3) Nine cases(23.0%) of high jugular bulb were found in 39 cases with cholesteatoma. 4) Six cases(24.0%) out of 25 cases with vestibular neuronitis were found to have high jugular bulbs. 5) In the cases with Meniere's disease, the highest incidence of high jugular bulb(8 cases out of 19 cases) was noted. CONCLUSION: This result may suggest that high jugular bulb is significantly related to Meniere's disease.

Distribution of Neuropeptide Y-Immunoreactive neurons in the Olfactory Bulb of Adult and Aging Rat / 대한이비인후과학회지

A detailed study of the distribution of neuropeptide Y(NPY) in the olfactory bulb of the male adult and aging rat brains was undertaken by means of immunohistochemistry. Adult rats(Sprague-Dawley, 12-14 weeks old) were used in the control group. And aging rats(30 months old) were used in the experimental group. Brain tissues of both rat groups were obtained from each animal which were perfused transcardially with 0.9% NaCl followed by a 4% paraformaldehyde solution. Coronal serial sections(30nm) were cut on a freezing microtome, and were immunostained with the rabbit-raised antiserum to neuropeptide Y. In the control group, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive(NPY-IR) neurons were mainly found in the white matter and deep internal granule cell layer, and rarely in the external plexiform layer of main olfactory bulb. In case of accessory olfactory bulb, a few of NPY-IR neurons were found in the internal granule cell layer. Virtually most neurons were medium-sized(10-20nm), and appeared to be bipolar or bitufted in shape. And small numbers of large-sized multipolar neurons(20-30nm) were found in the internal granule cell layer of main olfactory bulb. In the experimental aging rats, the numbers of NPY-IR neurons were decreased, that is to say, NPY-IR neurons in aging group were found average 2.5 neurons per each section compared with average 4.5 per each section in the control group. Also many perikarya of NPY-IR neurons appeared shrinkage, oval or round in shape. In brief, NPY-IR neurons of the olfactory bulb seem to be decreased in number of the neurons in aging rat. These findings may concern with reduction of olfactory function.

Radiologic Evaluation of Styloid Process by Fuchs' Series / 대한이비인후과학회지

Elongated styloid process or ossification of the styloid or stylomandibular ligament is a source of the craniofacial and cervical pain. Most patients with elongated styloid remain asymptomatic but some patients complain of vague facial pain, otalgia, dysphagia and pain along the distribution of internal and external carotid artery. Differential diagnosis from chronic pharyngotonsillitis, trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neulagia is difficult. Because that normal length of styloid process was not evaluated and diagnostic criteria was not unclear in Korea, authors measured the length of styloid process in non-symptomatic 60 adults using Fuchs' method. Key words : Styloid process;Fuchs' series

The effect of moderate dose cisplatin infusion on hearing / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

A study of characteristics of middle latency response on sedation and non-sedation / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

A study of the stimulation sound and its characteristics on auditory brainstem response in human adults / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

Surgical Treatment and Analysis of Pituitary Hormone with Serial Hormonal: Radioimmunoassay in Pituitary Tumor

There were 11 cases of pituitary tumors and 2 cases of craniopharyngiomas, who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of the Catholic Medical Center from July 1976 to April 1977. The authors analyzed changes of the hormone related with the hypophyses before and after surgery, and radiation using the radioimmunoassay according to Schalch and Parker's double antibody method. The hormonal assays were performed as follows : 5 samplings of growth hormones were given at a fasting state, at 8 AM, 8:30 AM, 10 AM and 11 AM, also the oral glucose tolerance test simulataneously after the patients were given 100 gm of surgar, associated with the insulin tolerance test (0.15 unit/kg). Two specimens of blood for the prolactin were withdrawn at 8 AM and 4 PM on that day. A specimen for LH, FSH, TSH, T3, T4 and cortisol was taken at 8 AM. The 8 surgery cases of the pituitary tumors associated with post-operative radiation underwent 3 transsphenoidal approaches, 3 transfrontal and 2 transtemporal approaches, and all of the surgery cases were alive. The transtemporal approach was for all craniopharyngiomas, and all of them died following surgery. One patient in this chromophile adenoma group had radiation therapy only. Following the clinical improvement after the treatment, the endocrinological symptoms, i. e. diminished libido and amenorrhea, were improved in the acromegalic group. The visual disturbance in the chromophobe adenoma group was markedly improved and the menstruation had started in one case. In inoperative patients, the visual disturbance and the endocrinological disarrangements were aggravated. In the chromophile adenoma group accompanying the acromegaly, the mean value of the plasma growth hormone was markedly increased to 61.3 ng/ml and greatly decreased to 36.8 ng/ml after the surgery and radiation, but increased rather than before radiation in the one case of radiation only. The mean prolactine value was also increased to 60.6 ng/ml and not changed after the therapy. The gonadotropin was within normal limits and tended to decrease slightly after the treatment. The TSH, T3, T4 cortisol were within normal values. In the chromophobe adenoma group, the mean growth hormone values were within normal limits, 7.27 ng/ml, and not altered after the therapy. The mean prolactin value was increased to 57.8 ng/ml and not changed after the treatment. The gonadotropin, TSH, T4 and cortisol were within normal limits before and after the treatment, but the T3 value was slightly higher than normal. In the craniopharyngioma group, the mean growth hormone value was within normal limits, 7.4 ng/ml and not altered after the surgery. The mean prolactin gonadotropin, TSH, T3 and T4 were within normal limits but the cortisol value was increased to 13.7 ng/ml after the surgery.